People from both outside and inside the U.S were all migrating to the big industrial cities. Immigrants from all over rural areas of Europe were migrating to the U.S and heading for places like Boston, New York, and Philadelphia (some of the major industrial cities of the time).Irish immigrants composed the largest immigrant group between 1820 and 1870, with nearly 2.4 million individuals coming to the United States during this time. Most of the Irish immigrants couldn't afford to travel beyond the port cities that they arrived in, so then they just settled in the urban cities, right on the edge of the water. Other immigrants were from Germany, England, Wales, Scotland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The reason many of these immigrants settled in the urban areas is because there was easy access to jobs and factories needed a lot of employment. The people of the U.S migrated to the the urban cities from there farms when crops began to fail. They knew they would always have a job in a factory if they moved to the city and though it was less pay, the knew they would always get some money. They believed they would get a better life in the city with all the new technology, such as cars and electricity.
An Irish Family of Immigrants
-Pull Factors of the Industrial Cities-
There were many things that made people want to move to the industrial cities. One of these was the fact that there was electricity in the cities. Electricity lit up almost all of the houses in the big industrial cities. Also, Dr. Benjamin Silliman Jr. found a way to turn crude oil into a liquid called Kerosene which could be used for cooking, heating (which was especially important in the cold weather days), and lighting. In 1859, Dr. Edwin L. Drake found a way to pump crude oil out of the ground. This led to the invention of automobiles. After the automobiles came telephones. The economy began to grow and because of this the U.S government created something called free enterprise, meaning the government doesn't usually interfere with business. This gave lots of freedoms to entrepreneurs, people who start new businesses. As you can assume, this was a huge pull factor for many Americans wishing for a chance to become wealthy through there own businesses. If you could start your own business, you could block out all your other competitors through vertical integration, which is when you own the small businesses that provide the necessities for your business. For example, if you owned a steel company, you would also own the coal fields, and coal mines. Another method called horizontal integration usually is where you can get a monopoly on one thing (meaning you own all of that thing. In this method you buy all the businesses in a certain field.Also, factories could run all day and so if people wanted work more hours for more pay they could. All of these things, especially the hopes of earning money, are the pull factors that pulled people to come to the Industrial Cities.
An industrial city
-Push factors of the Agricultural Revolution-
Some push factors of the Agricultural Revolution were though there was many new machinery, many farmers chose not to use the machines because they already had plenty of laborers. They didn't need the extra help of a machine and some of them couldn't even afford something big and expensive. They payed there laborers very little because they didn't have enough themselves. Another push factor was that the inventors were still experimenting with there inventions, so many of them weren't completely right. A lot of the new fertilizers people created were actually harmful to soil and only caused crops to fail, rather than grow. Also, as hopes of starting a farm and getting a lot of money, many immigrants from places like Sweden migrated to the U.S and then to the mid-west. This caused limited space of good soil (as in soil that was good for growing crops) and left many people feeling over-crowded. Some people from the cities also chose to migrate to the rural areas in hopes of getting more money out of there farm than there small job in a factory. This made the city less crowded but led to the country-side to be filled with little farms. One thing that happened in Britain because of there Agricultural Revolution was the women used to help there husbands on farms but when the machines came in, the men no longer needed the help of the women. This left the women with the job of finding some employment to earn more money. In other words, the Agricultural Revolution limited jobs for women and forced some into such things as prostitution. These limited jobs of women made men feel more and more like women were worthless and should only be stuck at home doing chores and taking care of the kids.
Economic Migration
-Rural to Urban Migration-
People from both outside and inside the U.S were all migrating to the big industrial cities. Immigrants from all over rural areas of Europe were migrating to the U.S and heading for places like Boston, New York, and Philadelphia (some of the major industrial cities of the time).Irish immigrants composed the largest immigrant group between 1820 and 1870, with nearly 2.4 million individuals coming to the United States during this time. Most of the Irish immigrants couldn't afford to travel beyond the port cities that they arrived in, so then they just settled in the urban cities, right on the edge of the water. Other immigrants were from Germany, England, Wales, Scotland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The reason many of these immigrants settled in the urban areas is because there was easy access to jobs and factories needed a lot of employment. The people of the U.S migrated to the the urban cities from there farms when crops began to fail. They knew they would always have a job in a factory if they moved to the city and though it was less pay, the knew they would always get some money. They believed they would get a better life in the city with all the new technology, such as cars and electricity.-Pull Factors of the Industrial Cities-
There were many things that made people want to move to the industrial cities. One of these was the fact that there was electricity in the cities. Electricity lit up almost all of the houses in the big industrial cities. Also, Dr. Benjamin Silliman Jr. found a way to turn crude oil into a liquid called Kerosene which could be used for cooking, heating (which was especially important in the cold weather days), and lighting. In 1859, Dr. Edwin L. Drake found a way to pump crude oil out of the ground. This led to the invention of automobiles. After the automobiles came telephones. The economy began to grow and because of this the U.S government created something called free enterprise, meaning the government doesn't usually interfere with business. This gave lots of freedoms to entrepreneurs, people who start new businesses. As you can assume, this was a huge pull factor for many Americans wishing for a chance to become wealthy through there own businesses. If you could start your own business, you could block out all your other competitors through vertical integration, which is when you own the small businesses that provide the necessities for your business. For example, if you owned a steel company, you would also own the coal fields, and coal mines. Another method called horizontal integration usually is where you can get a monopoly on one thing (meaning you own all of that thing. In this method you buy all the businesses in a certain field.Also, factories could run all day and so if people wanted work more hours for more pay they could. All of these things, especially the hopes of earning money, are the pull factors that pulled people to come to the Industrial Cities.-Push factors of the Agricultural Revolution-
Some push factors of the Agricultural Revolution were though there was many new machinery, many farmers chose not to use the machines because they already had plenty of laborers. They didn't need the extra help of a machine and some of them couldn't even afford something big and expensive. They payed there laborers very little because they didn't have enough themselves. Another push factor was that the inventors were still experimenting with there inventions, so many of them weren't completely right. A lot of the new fertilizers people created were actually harmful to soil and only caused crops to fail, rather than grow. Also, as hopes of starting a farm and getting a lot of money, many immigrants from places like Sweden migrated to the U.S and then to the mid-west. This caused limited space of good soil (as in soil that was good for growing crops) and left many people feeling over-crowded. Some people from the cities also chose to migrate to the rural areas in hopes of getting more money out of there farm than there small job in a factory. This made the city less crowded but led to the country-side to be filled with little farms. One thing that happened in Britain because of there Agricultural Revolution was the women used to help there husbands on farms but when the machines came in, the men no longer needed the help of the women. This left the women with the job of finding some employment to earn more money. In other words, the Agricultural Revolution limited jobs for women and forced some into such things as prostitution. These limited jobs of women made men feel more and more like women were worthless and should only be stuck at home doing chores and taking care of the kids.